India Latest Technology - NANO

The much awaited Tata small car, which is giving sleepless nights to its rivals, was finally unveiled at the Auto Expo 2008. The small car, which is priced at Rs100, 000 (2,500 dollars), has been named Nano. According to the Tata Motors, the Nano will hit the Indian roads later this year. Ever since the Tatas announced their intention of developing the 1 lakh car (touted as people’s car), the auto industry experts have been raising doubts over the price, features, safety and specifications of Tata Nano. Have a look at specifications and other aspects of the Tata Nano, the four door mini-hatchback.

Looks & Dimensions of Nano: Keeping in mind the young age group, the Tata Motors has strived well to give the Nano a contemporary and stylish look. The snub-nosed small car derives inspiration from Fiat 500 and Nissan Micra. As far as dimensions of the car are concerned, Nano is 3.1 metres (10.23 feet) long, 1.5 metres wide and 1.6 metres high and can accommodate four to five people.

Engine: The small car sports a two cylinder 623 cc, 33 horsepower rear mounted multi-point fuel injection (MPFi) petrol engine. Tata claims that the car can touch the top speed of 105 kms.

Fuel Efficiency: Engineers at Tata Motors have designed an efficient engine that can run 20 Kms on every litre of petrol.

Pollution: Against the criticism and concerns of the environmentalists, Nano surpasses Indian regulatory requirements and Euro IV emission norms. In fact, Tata claims that the small car is less polluting than most of the bikes on Indian roads.

Safety: Tata says that they have tested the small car extensively for front, rear and side collisions and come out with a product that exceeds current regulatory requirements. The safety features of the Nano include a strong passenger compartment, intrusion resistant doors, seat belts, sturdy seats and anchorage.
Price: The base model of the car will sport a price tag of Rs 100,000 (2,500 dollars) which excludes taxes and transport costs. The high end/deluxe models will include air-conditioning and other features to be incorporated based on suggestions of the common people

Thursday, February 14, 2008

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution - EDGE

EDGE, a new radio interface technology with enhanced modulation, increases the HSCSD and GPRS data rates by up to three fold. EDGE modulation will increase the data throughput provided by the packet switched service even over 400 kbit/s per carrier. Similarly, the data rates of circuit switched data can be increased, or existing data rates can be achieved using fewer timeslots, saving capacity. Accordingly, these higher speed data services are referred to as EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS) and ECSD (Enhanced Circuit Switched Data).

EDGE, expected to be deployed in 2000–2001, is a major improvement in GSM phase 2+. As a modification to existing GSM networks, EDGE does not require new network elements.

EDGE is especially attractive to GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 operators that do not have a licence for UMTS, but still wish to offer competitive personal multimedia applications utilising the existing band allocation. Also, EDGE can co-exist with UMTS, for instance to provide high speed services for wide-area coverage while UMTS is deployed in urban hot spots.

In the US, EDGE is part of the IS-136 High Speed concept which is one of the third generation RTT (Radio Transmission Technology) proposals from TR45. EDGE will be also standardised in US which makes possible to achieve a global mobile radio system with many services characteristic to third generation systems.

Nokia is dedicated to supporting GSM operators with wireless data solutions that help them create value in the market place, both now and in the future. Wireless data is steady evolution, not revolution. With Nokia’s experience, the operator starting today with wireless data can accumulate the skills and know-how to build a strong market position, all the way to third generation systems and the personal multimedia era. This White Paper describes Nokia’s understanding of the role and benefits of EDGE as wireless data evolves towards personal multimedia.

EDGE

The GSM standard is being developed to support mobile services with radio interface data rates even over 400 kbit/s. This work is being performed under the ETSI work item EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution).

The major change in the GSM standard to support higher data rates is the new modulation system, known as 8PSK (Phase Shift Keying). This will not replace but rather co-exist with the existing GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying) modulation. With 8PSK, it is possible to provide higher data rates with a somewhat reduced coverage, whereas GMSK will be used as a robust mode for a wide area coverage.
EDGE brings more speed and capacity when needed

In mature GSM markets, cellular data penetration is forecast to increase exponentially during the early 2000’s. New wireless data applications and innovative
terminal types will generate completely new markets: aggressive GSM operators can expect to obtain up to 30 % of their airtime and revenue from wireless data by year 2000.

HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data) and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), introduced to GSM in 1998 and 1999 respectively, will enable cellular operators to offer higher than 9.6 kbit/s data rates to their subscribers for new data applications.

Cellular operators that have invested in HSCSD and GPRS expect to be able to offer higher data rates without building too many new sites. The ECSD (Enhanced Circuit Switched Data) and EGPRS (Enhanced General Packet Radio System) solutions offer data services comparable to 3rd generation levels with considerably fewer radio resources than in standard GSM. This means that EDGE TRXs (transceivers) carry more data per time slot, decreasing the need for new TRXs/frequencies. In addition, end user response times decrease, ensuring good service levels as data usage increases.

It could be possible for EDGE Phase 2 to provide a voice service using AMR (Adaptive Multirate Codec) type of solution. EDGE TRXs would then be capable of carrying multiple speech calls per time slot, increasing voice capacity. Also, high quality codecs, e.g 32 kbit/s, would be feasible. EDGE as a voice solution looks especially
interesting for indoor systems because of it’s scalable capacity.

Posted by Friends at 5:40 AM

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